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Le chômage des jeunes constitue un défi majeur pour les pays africains
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The unemployment of the young people constitutes a major challenge for the African countries
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
A committee D? experts of youth and L? did use of Ghana, of Kenya, of Mali and Colombia meet Saturday, during the annual Meetings of spring of the World Bank and the International Monetary International Monetary Funds (the IMF), to discuss likely means D? to attenuate the increasingly serious problem which the unemployment of the young people in Africa poses.

Members of this high level committee, chaired by Mrs. Obiageli Ezekwesili, Vice-president for the Africa area and animated by Mr. Were Yaw Ansu, Director of the department “human Development”, appropriate qu? it N? did not exist simple solutions with the problem.

“The young townsmen seek an employment at the sides of thousands D? other young people left same the schools, while the rural young people do flow into the cities in search D? a work”, declared Sanoussi Touré, Minister for Finance of Mali. “C? is a tragedy. Do our policies support L? investment in L? education and formation, but that N? did not allow to create jobs. ”

Did Kinuthia Murugu, Secretary permanent of the ministry for the Youth and the Sports of Kenya, admit that growth N? was not synonymous with creation D? employment, “and C? is why we need D? carefully targeted interventions”. It pointed out that Kenya had launched a Marshall plan for L? employment of the young people, which envisages to create 500.000 new jobs during four next years by increasing the number of centers of technical training and by granting subsidies to the pupils, by helping the contractors of the rural zones, while launching great public works with strong intensity of hand-D?? uvre, by developing the sector of technologies of L? information and of communication (TIC) and by paying the young people to plant trees within the framework D? a special program (“Trees for Jobs”) the purpose of which is D? to help to reverse the phenomenon of deforestation.

In did Ghana, the Government adopt a sectoral approach of the problem, let know Professor William Ahadzie, Deputy manager of the Center D? study of the social policy of L? University of Ghana. ? We developed a national Program D? employment for the young people which aims at making assign a great number of young people to productive employment where L? one needs D? them, by making them work for example like medical organizers, agents of the services D? cleansing and D? garbage collection, teachers and trainees remunerated in L? industry.?

Did Mauricio Cárdenas, representative of Colombia and former Minister for transport and also for economic planning, evoke efforts qu? it deployed to combat unemployment of the young people during economic crisis qu? knew its country at the end of the Nineties, when external shocks made pass the rate of unemployment from 10 to 20%, and even to 30% in the young people. “We tested two programs different and evaluated their results then” Mr. Cárdenas declared. The first, called “youth in action” formed of the young people for the labour market. “Ensured We to them three months of formal training, followed by three months of formation in progress D? employment. We also granted an aid to them in respect of the earning of three dollars per day, which corresponds to the poverty line in Colombia”. Within did the framework of this program, “80.000 young people receive a formation, and the evaluations, for which various measurement techniques D? impact were used, were very favorable”.

L? another program put in? uvre in Colombia aimed at creating jobs within the framework of communal work on a small scale in urban districts. This program gave less positive results. “We depended D? ONG local to carry out the program and to obtain a cofinancing of the municipalities, but those N? did not have the means necessary”. According to Mr. Cárdenas, another reason of L? is failure of the program due to fact qu? “it required that the interested parties receive the minimum wage, which made obstacle with creation D? employment”. Extremely of these experiments, Mr. Did Cárdenas conclude that “the best strategy vis-a-vis the unemployment of the young people consists in ensuring a vocational training to them which takes into account the need for them D? to be assured D? an income during their formation”. In addition, “it is also necessary to have training schemes to propose. Did our approach encourage L? development of these programs by the private sector”.

During the debate, Mr. Did Murugu declare that L? one could encourage the sector deprived to create D more? employment within the framework of public constructional works contracts, and did it announce qu? in were Kenya, within the framework of this type of markets, the companies held to reserve a certain percentage of the amount concerned to the hand-D? work. Mr. Cárdenas L? warned against the tendency to see in the projects D? infrastructure the response to the urgent problem of the unemployment of the young people. “The projects D? infrastructure imply a great number of administrative tasks, and their execution takes a considerable time. Are social interventions much more effective, because one can thus train and inform the young people, then to offer to the companies incentives for qu? they engage them. ”

“After the formation, which? ” asked Mr. Murugu, of Kenya. “To do Kenya we devote 150 billion shillings (that is to say approximately 2 billion dollars) to L? can primary education teaching, but how youth hope to find a lorsqu employment? it N? there does not have? ” It underlined qu? it was important D? to improve L? environment in which does operate the abstract sector by requiring local authorities qu? they sign contract-programs as regards creation D? employment. It has tournament qu? it is essential D? to bring a help to the young people in the agricultural sector since the majority of the farmers kényens have more than 60 years. “Our program “Trees for Jobs” is intended for the rural zones, it specified”. “Do the young people work with the forest service, acquire competences and help to preserve the bases of L? national economy”.

Did Professor Ahadzie, of Ghana, recognize qu? it was necessary to support creation D? employment in L? agriculture, but it is necessary according to him to bind this sector to nonagricultural activities, in particular of transformation, with the creation of markets, and the need for credit.

Ayodele Omotoso, Directeur of the national Commission of planning of Nigeria, which attended the meeting, declared that “the rate of unemployment in the young people reaches from 60 to 70% in Nigeria, and that the labour market can absorb only 10% of the newcomers. We thought before that the public sector was to provide employment but we now have a global vision of the question”. In accordance with did this global solution, Nigeria set up a comprising program of social protection of the monetary transfers to the unemployeds, launches a reform of L? required teaching, and it of average D? to employ more young people in L? commercial agriculture, the manufacturing sector, the public tourism, TIC, transport and services. “The principal lesson is that the unemployment of the young people is a multidimensional problem which must be tackled on a basis has macroeconomic. ”

In did its remarks of conclusion, the regional Vice-president Mrs. Ezekwesili declare qu? S was needed obviously? to attack with the unemployment of the young people from every angle. “Is the profile of the young unemployeds S? to adapt to our modes to think, like that was the case for the parity man-women. Within the framework of all that we do undertake, we must grant to the young people the place who returns to them, for qu? they are assured D? to have a future. »

May 8, 2009 | 4:04 AM Comments  0 comments

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